Which sources support the answers on exburnout.com?
Each source with the questions whose answers refer to it.
- World Health Organization (2019): Burn-out an “occupational phenomenon”: International Classification of Diseases
- What is burnout?
- Is burnout an illness?
- What is the difference between burnout and stress?
- Is burnout real or just an excuse?
- What causes burnout?
- Can burnout happen outside of work?
- How do I know if I am burned out?
- Why have I become cynical about my work?
- Can a doctor sign someone off sick with burnout?
- Can caring for a relative lead to burnout?
- Can parents burn out?
- gesund.bund.de (Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, mit IQWiG): Burn-out-Syndrom, Stand 28.05.2021 (in German)
- What is burnout?
- Is burnout real or just an excuse?
- What causes burnout?
- Can burnout happen outside of work?
- How do I know if I am burned out?
- Why do I feel empty and numb?
- Can an online test tell whether it is burnout?
- Why can I no longer concentrate or think clearly?
- How can I tell burnout from depression?
- Why am I constantly tense, irritable and exhausted?
- Could my medicines be the reason I feel so tired?
- Why see a doctor before coaching for burnout?
- Can a doctor sign someone off sick with burnout?
- How long does it take to recover from burnout?
- Should I quit my job if I am burned out?
- Can high performers burn out without realising it?
- Can caring for a relative lead to burnout?
- Can parents burn out?
- Can teenagers get burnout?
- Can the sense of coherence be strengthened?
- When can coaching fit after burnout?
- gesund.bund.de: Depression (in German)
- gesund.bund.de: Schilddrüsenunterfunktion (in German)
- Deutsches Ärzteblatt (2012): DGPPN-Positionspapier zum Thema Burnout (in German)
- AMBOSS: Müdigkeit, Praxisguide Allgemeinmedizin nach der DEGAM-Leitlinie „Müdigkeit“ (aktualisiert 19.10.2026) (in German)
- Am I tired or burnt out?
- Can an online test tell whether it is burnout?
- Why do I keep getting sick?
- Why am I exhausted but cannot sleep?
- How can I tell burnout from depression?
- Why do so many people not think of their thyroid when they feel low?
- Why am I always tired and quickly out of breath?
- Why do I feel worse for days after exertion?
- Why am I constantly tense, irritable and exhausted?
- Could my medicines be the reason I feel so tired?
- Why am I always tired and constantly thirsty?
- Why see a doctor before coaching for burnout?
- Which doctor should I see for burnout?
- What should I tell my doctor about exhaustion?
- Which blood tests are done for exhaustion?
- What does a doctor do about exhaustion?
- When can exhaustion become an emergency?
- What helps with burnout?
- Endocrine Society (2022): Adrenal Fatigue
- Danhof-Pont MB, van Veen T, Zitman FG (2011): Biomarkers in burnout: a systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 70(6), 505–524
- NHS: Tiredness and fatigue
- Am I tired or burnt out?
- Why do I keep getting sick?
- Why am I exhausted but cannot sleep?
- Why do so many people not think of their thyroid when they feel low?
- Could my snoring be why I am so exhausted during the day?
- Could my medicines be the reason I feel so tired?
- Which doctor should I see for burnout?
- What should I tell my doctor about exhaustion?
- Can parents burn out?
- Can teenagers get burnout?
- NHS: Symptoms – Depression in adults
- NHS: Sleep apnoea
- Why can I no longer concentrate or think clearly?
- Why do I wake up at 3 or 4 a.m.?
- Why am I still exhausted after a full night of sleep?
- Could my snoring be why I am so exhausted during the day?
- What is the difference between obstructive and central sleep apnoea?
- Which doctor should I see for burnout?
- What should I tell my doctor about exhaustion?
- How can I help someone who is burned out?
- NHS: Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
- NHS: Iron deficiency anaemia
- NHS: Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
- NHS: Long COVID
- NHS: Chest pain
- NHS: Help for suicidal thoughts
- § 74 SGB V: Stufenweise Wiedereingliederung (in German)
- TelefonSeelsorge Deutschland (in German)
- 116117: Ärztlicher Bereitschaftsdienst (in German)
- Samaritans: Contact a Samaritan
- 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
- Find A Helpline (international directory)
- World Health Organization: Mental health at work, fact sheet
- World Health Organization (2022): WHO guidelines on mental health at work
- World Health Organization: Depressive disorder (depression), fact sheet
- Why have I become cynical about my work?
- Why do I feel empty and numb?
- Why am I so irritable and close to tears?
- Why can I no longer concentrate or think clearly?
- Why am I exhausted but cannot sleep?
- Why do I wake up at 3 or 4 a.m.?
- Why am I still exhausted after a full night of sleep?
- How can I tell burnout from depression?
- Which doctor should I see for burnout?
- How long does it take to recover from burnout?
- World Health Organization: Anxiety disorders, fact sheet
- World Health Organization: Post COVID-19 condition (long COVID), fact sheet
- World Health Organization: Anaemia, fact sheet
- World Health Organization: Diabetes, fact sheet
- West CP, Dyrbye LN, Erwin PJ, Shanafelt TD (2016): Interventions to prevent and reduce physician burnout: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet 388, 2272–2281
- Panagioti M et al. (2017): Controlled interventions to reduce burnout in physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine 177(2), 195–205
- Rotenstein LS et al. (2018): Prevalence of burnout among physicians: a systematic review. JAMA 320(11), 1131–1150
- Hodkinson A et al. (2022): Associations of physician burnout with career engagement and quality of patient care: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 378, e070442
- Maslach C, Leiter MP (2016): Understanding the burnout experience: recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry 15(2), 103–111
- Salvagioni DAJ et al. (2017): Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: a systematic review of prospective studies. PLoS One 12(10), e0185781
- Aronsson G et al. (2017): A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and burnout symptoms. BMC Public Health 17, 264
- Schonfeld IS, Bianchi R (2016): Burnout and depression: two entities or one? Journal of Clinical Psychology 72(1), 22–37
- Schonfeld IS, Verkuilen J, Bianchi R (2019): Inquiry into the correlation between burnout and depression. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 24(6), 603–616
- Naczenski LM et al. (2017): Systematic review of the association between physical activity and burnout. Journal of Occupational Health 59(6), 477–494
- Awa WL, Plaumann M, Walter U (2010): Burnout prevention: a review of intervention programs. Patient Education and Counseling 78(2), 184–190
- World Health Organization (2000): Pellagra and its prevention and control in major emergencies
- Hołubiec P et al. (2021): Pathophysiology and clinical management of pellagra – a review. Folia Medica Cracoviensia 61(3), 125–137
- Badawy AA (2014): Pellagra and alcoholism: a biochemical perspective. Alcohol and Alcoholism 49(3), 238–250
- Prakash R et al. (2008): Rapid resolution of delusional parasitosis in pellagra with niacin augmentation therapy. General Hospital Psychiatry 30(6), 581–584
- Baldini L et al. (2026): Niacin deficiency in carcinoid syndrome: definitions, biomarkers, and a pragmatic framework for clinical assessment. Nutrition 153, 113379
- Gallagher C, Emmanuel OO (2026): NAD⁺ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: a PRISMA-guided systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence. Ageing Research Reviews 116, 103057
- Alangari A et al. (2026): Narrative review of intravenous NAD(+) and NAD(+) precursors in wellness and translational medicine. Frontiers in Aging 7, 1887175
- European Commission: 112 – the EU’s emergency phone number
- NHS: When to use NHS 111 online or call 111
- Freese R, Lysne V (2023): Niacin – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food & Nutrition Research 67, 10299
- Prabhu D, Dawe RS, Mponda K (2021): Pellagra a review exploring causes and mechanisms, including isoniazid-induced pellagra. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine 37(2), 99–104
- Castro-Marrero J et al. (2015): Does oral coenzyme Q10 plus NADH supplementation improve fatigue and biochemical parameters in chronic fatigue syndrome? Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 22(8), 679–685
- Castro-Marrero J et al. (2021): Effect of dietary coenzyme Q10 plus NADH supplementation on fatigue perception and health-related quality of life in individuals with ME/CFS: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients 13(8), 2658
- Schreiber S et al. (2025): Nicotinamide modulates gut microbial metabolic potential and accelerates recovery in mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Nature Metabolism 7(6), 1136–1149
- Kim M et al. (2022): Effect of 12-week intake of nicotinamide mononucleotide on sleep quality, fatigue, and physical performance in older Japanese adults: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Nutrients 14(4), 755
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH): Sleep apnea – causes and risk factors
- Jordan AS, McSharry DG, Malhotra A (2014): Adult obstructive sleep apnoea. The Lancet 383, 736–747
- Ginter G, Badr MS (2022): Central sleep apnea. Handbook of Clinical Neurology 189, 93–103
- Cowie MR et al. (2015): Adaptive servo-ventilation for central sleep apnea in systolic heart failure (SERVE-HF). New England Journal of Medicine 373, 1095–1105
- Kapur VK et al. (2017): Clinical practice guideline for diagnostic testing for adult obstructive sleep apnea: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 13(3), 479–504
- Yalamanchali S et al. (2013): Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea by peripheral arterial tonometry: meta-analysis. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 139(12), 1343–1350
- Ichikawa M et al. (2022): Diagnostic accuracy of home sleep apnea testing using peripheral arterial tonometry for sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Sleep Research 31(6), e13682
- Pillar G et al. (2020): Detecting central sleep apnea in adult patients using WatchPAT – a multicenter validation study. Sleep and Breathing 24(1), 387–398
- Eriksson M, Lindström B (2006): Antonovsky’s sense of coherence scale and the relation with health: a systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 60(5), 376–381
- Lindström B, Eriksson M (2005): Salutogenesis. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 59(6), 440–442
- Eriksson M, Mittelmark MB (2017): The sense of coherence and its measurement. In: The Handbook of Salutogenesis, Springer, Chapter 12
- Jenny GJ et al. (2017): The application of salutogenesis to work. In: The Handbook of Salutogenesis, Springer, Chapter 20
- González-Siles P et al. (2022): Sense of coherence and work stress or well-being in care professionals: a systematic review. Healthcare 10(7), 1347
- Masanotti GM et al. (2020): Sense of coherence in nurses: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(6), 1861
- Schäfer SK et al. (2023): The relationship between sense of coherence and mental health problems from childhood to young adulthood: a meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders 325, 804–816
- Del-Pino-Casado R et al. (2019): Sense of coherence, burden and mental health in caregiving: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders 242, 14–21
- Kind N et al. (2020): What protects youth residential caregivers from burning out? A longitudinal analysis of individual resilience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(7), 2212
- Müller MM et al. (2023): Burnout among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal results from the international Cope-Corona survey study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 164, 111102
- Liu Y et al. (2025): Non-pharmacological interventions targeting sense of coherence among older adults and adults with chronic conditions: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 81(4), 2165–2198
- Stoyanova K, Stoyanov D (2021): Sense of coherence and burnout in healthcare professionals in the COVID-19 era. Frontiers in Psychiatry 12, 709587
- Velando-Soriano A et al. (2020): Impact of social support in preventing burnout syndrome in nurses: a systematic review. Japan Journal of Nursing Science 17(1), e12269
- Ruisoto P et al. (2021): Social support mediates the effect of burnout on health in health care professionals. Frontiers in Psychology 11, 623587
- Dall’Ora C, Ball J, Reinius M, Griffiths P (2020): Burnout in nursing: a theoretical review. Human Resources for Health 18, 41
- De La Cruz SP et al. (2020): A multicenter study into burnout, perceived stress, job satisfaction, coping strategies, and general health among emergency department nursing staff. Journal of Clinical Medicine 9(4), 1007
- Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E (2021): NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 22(2), 119–141
- Yoshino J, Baur JA, Imai SI (2018): NAD+ intermediates: the biology and therapeutic potential of NMN and NR. Cell Metabolism 27(3), 513–528
- Martens CR et al. (2018): Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nature Communications 9, 1286
- Effects of nicotinamide riboside on NAD+ levels, cognition, and symptom recovery in long-COVID: a randomized controlled trial (2025). eClinicalMedicine, 103633
- Low-dose naltrexone and NAD+ for the treatment of patients with persistent fatigue symptoms after COVID-19 (2024). Brain, Behavior, & Immunity – Health, 100733
- Hróbjartsson A, Gøtzsche PC (2010): Placebo interventions for all clinical conditions. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD003974
- Kalogerakou T, Antoniadou M (2024): The role of dietary antioxidants, food supplements and functional foods for energy enhancement in healthcare professionals. Antioxidants 13(12), 1508
- EFSA NDA Panel (2026): Safety of beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA Journal
- Verbraucherzentrale (2026): NAD und NMN in Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln? (in German)
- ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06971224: NADream – Effects of NAD supplementation on sleep quality in healthy individuals (Haukeland University Hospital)
- ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06919328: Absorption and tolerability of injectable nicotinamide riboside compared to NAD+
- Antonovsky A (Dr. Avishai Antonovsky): The Salutogenic Model of Health. antonovsky.com
The content on exburnout.com is for information and orientation. It is no substitute for a medical examination, diagnosis or treatment. In an emergency: 112 (EU), 999 (UK).